The past year in polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic, reproductive and treatment evidence, each summarised in the MedShorts 360 format with its date and source.
GynaecologyIn 98,230 Taiwanese children, those born to mothers with PCOS had 46% higher autism risk and 39% higher ADHD risk.
GynaecologyThe rename keeps the same diagnostic criteria but reframes the condition as a lifelong endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting 10–13% of reproductive-age women.
GynaecologyEndocrine diagnoses were associated with pregnancy loss before and after the event, with stronger links for repeated losses and family clustering.
GynaecologyIn 177,241 first pregnancies, women with PMOS had more gestational dysglycaemia across the spectrum, especially those with high BMI in adolescence.
GynaecologyAcross 44 studies, women with PCOS had RR 1.72 for diabetes, rising to 2.05 for gestational diabetes; metabolic syndrome risk was highest in Asia.
GynaecologyBoth an IVF cohort and Mendelian randomisation point to PCOS itself increasing miscarriage risk (genetic OR 1.08).
GynaecologyRCT evidence, rated high certainty for several outcomes, shows lower fasting insulin, testosterone, triglycerides, LDL and weight, with higher HDL.
GynaecologyFour RCTs show TRE lowered HOMA-IR by 0.58 and raised HDL, with high adherence compared with calorie restriction.
GynaecologyIn a MASLD cohort, women with PCOS were diagnosed at a younger age with higher BMI but had less fibrosis, and metformin use was linked to lower fibrosis risk.
GynaecologyAmong 2,549 IVF-conceived children, offspring of PMOS mothers had marginally higher total and LDL cholesterol, especially girls, though still within normal ranges.
GynaecologyWomen with PCOS had a 5.8-fold higher hazard of uterine cancer and 2.7-fold higher hazard of breast cancer than matched women.
GynaecologyA lifestyle intervention before and during fertility treatment did not significantly raise live births, but natural pregnancies rose from 12.5% to 27.0%.
GynaecologyA global process involving 56 academic, clinical and patient organisations renamed PCOS to reflect its endocrine and metabolic nature and remove the misleading word “cysts”.
GynaecologyAmong 209,698 matched women, early hormonal therapy was associated with 28% lower MACE risk without more thrombotic events.
GynaecologyA review of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 drugs in PCOS proposes a ‘metabolic high-risk’ phenotype as the best current target for therapy.
GynaecologyPooled prevalence was 12.1% by Rotterdam criteria, with the highest rates in the Eastern Mediterranean and South-East Asian regions, which include India.
GynaecologyAfter adjusting for obesity, diabetes and hypertension, PCOS was linked to higher overall, cancer and cardiovascular mortality over 12 years.
GynaecologyRandomised trials suggest exercise programmes ease depression in PCOS, with larger effects at higher weekly frequency or longer duration.
GynaecologyIn a Nature Medicine RCT, eating between 1 pm and 7 pm without counting calories gave 4.3% weight loss over six months, similar to 25% calorie restriction.
GynaecologyPreconception or first-trimester exposure to GLP-1 or dual GLP-1/GIP drugs was not consistently associated with malformations, stillbirth or neonatal death.
GynaecologySGLT2 inhibitors gave the most favourable cardiometabolic profile, while metformin plus GLP-1 RAs lowered hyperandrogenism most, at the cost of more GI side effects.
GynaecologyA systematic review found GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced BMI by 1.38 kg/m² in women with PCOS and overweight, but evidence on hormones and periods was insufficient.
GynaecologyAcross 29 studies and 2,055 women, psychological, lifestyle and other non-drug interventions improved depression, anxiety and emotional quality of life.
GynaecologyIn 876 women at 24 fertility centres, vitamin D 4000 IU/day raised blood levels but live birth rates were 52.0% versus 50.2% with placebo.
GynaecologyA meta-analysis of RCTs found liraglutide reduced BMI and HOMA-IR, lowered LH and free androgen index, and improved cycle regularity.